IPv6 Headers

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When IPv6 was being developed, they took
the time to introduce a few improvements instead of just figuring out a way
to increase the address size. This should come as a relief to you, and IT support specialists love
networks that perform well. One of the most elegant improvements
was made to the IPv6 header, which is much simpler than the IPv4 one. The first field in an IPv6
header is the version field. This is a 4-bit field that defines
what version of IP is in use. You might remember that an IPv4 header
begins with this exact same field. The next field is called
the traffic class field. This is an 8-bit field that defines the
type of traffic contained within the IP datagram and allows for different classes of traffic to
receive different priorities. The next field is the flow label field. This is a 20-bit field that’s used in
conjunction with the traffic class field for routers to make decisions
about the quality of service level for a specific datagram. Next you have the payload length field. This is a 16-bit field that defines
how long the data payload section of the datagram is. Then you have the next header field. This is a unique concept to IPv6, and
needs a little extra explanation. IPv6 addresses are four times
as long as IPv4 addresses. That means they have more ones and zeros, which means that they take longer
to transmit across a link. To help reduce the problems with
additional data that IPv6 addresses impose on the network, the IPv6 header was
built to be as short as possible. One way to do that is to take
all of the optional fields and abstract them away from
the IPv6 header itself. The next header field defines what kind
of header is immediately after this current one. These additional headers are optional,
so they’re not required for a complete IPv6 datagram. Each of these additional optional headers
contain a next header field and allow for a chain of headers to be formed if
there’s a lot of optional configuration. Next we have what’s called
the hop limit field. This is an 8-bit field that’s identical
in purpose to the TTL field in an IPv4 header. Finally, we have the source and destination address fields,
which are each a 128 bits. If the next header field specified another
header, it would follow at this time. If not, a data payload the same
length as specified in the payload length field would follow.

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