IPv6 Explained: The Future of Internet Protocol Addresses

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🎶 Welcome to our video! 🎶

🌐 Today, we’re talking all about IPv6 and why it’s the solution to our dwindling supply of IPv4 addresses. 😱 Unlike IPv4, which has a limited supply of addresses, IPv6 offers more than enough addresses to last for years to come. 🙌

👀 Let’s take a look back to when the need for IPv6 first arose. Shortly after the creation of IPv4, it became clear that the available address space would not be enough in the near future. 🕰️ So, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) set out to create a replacement protocol. They initially began working on IPv5, but with the increasing popularity of the internet, they soon realized that it wouldn’t be enough. 🤔 So, they scrapped IPv5 and began work on IPv6, which they are confident will function as the replacement for IPv4 for many decades to come. 😎

💻 IPv6 works at layer 3 of the OSI model, just like IPv4. Layer 3, also known as the network layer, is responsible for logical network and host addressing. IPv6 provides logical network and host addressing to devices using a 128-bit binary addressing scheme, as opposed to IPv4’s 32-bit scheme. The 128 bits are grouped in sets, each separated by a colon. Each set is 2 bytes long, and a byte is 8 bits. For human readability, the binary IPv6 number is converted to hexadecimal, with each hexadecimal number being equal to 4 bits. An IPv6 address is made up of 8 sets of 4 hexadecimal numbers, each separated by a colon. This means that there are over 340 undecillion addresses available to IPv6, which is equal to 2 to the 128th power or roughly equal to 340 times 10 to the 36th power. 😱

🏠 Let’s talk about IPv6’s local address structure. For the local address, the first 64 bits on the left represent the local network, and the last 64 bits on the right always represent the host. The local address structure follows the extended unique identifier (EUI) format, specifically the EUI-64 format for hosts with a 48-bit MAC address. The 48 bits are padded with an extra 16 bits to make it 64 bits in length. You can always tell a local address, also known as the link-local address, as it always begins with “fe80.”

🌍 In addition to a local address, every device also gets assigned a global address. The global address is unique and there is only one per device. The host address is always the last 64 bits, but every device gets assigned to a global network. The network portion is composed of a routing prefix and a subnet. This portion of the global address structure follows the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) convention, with the number following the slash denoting the routing prefix, which is the part of the extremely global network that the device belongs to. The subnet is composed of the bits between the prefix and the EUI-64 host address. Global IPv6 addresses always begin in the range of 2000 up through 3999 in that first group of numbers on the left.

🤖 In most cases, the need for dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) has been eliminated with the implementation of IPv6. When a device comes online, it uses the neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) to discover the required network addresses, both local and global. This allows devices to configure their own IPv6 address without the need for an administrator’s intervention. 🙌

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