Understanding OSI And TCP/IP Networking Models In Hindi

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) models are two different conceptual models that describe how network protocols communicate with each other.

The OSI model consists of seven layers, each with a specific function in the communication process. The layers are as follows:

Physical Layer – Deals with the transmission of raw bits over a communication channel.
Data Link Layer – Provides reliable transmission of data across a physical link.
Network Layer – Determines the route that data takes from source to destination across multiple networks.
Transport Layer – Provides end-to-end data transport services, including error detection and recovery.
Session Layer – Establishes and manages sessions between applications on different devices.
Presentation Layer – Translates data into a format that can be understood by the application layer.
Application Layer – Provides access to network services for user applications.

On the other hand, the TCP/IP model is a simpler four-layer model that is widely used in the internet and other modern networks. The layers are as follows:

Network Access Layer – Deals with the transmission of data between the physical network and the data link layer.
Internet Layer – Responsible for routing data packets across multiple networks.
Transport Layer – Provides reliable end-to-end data transport services and error control.
Application Layer – Provides access to network services for user applications.
Both models are useful for understanding network protocols and troubleshooting communication issues. The TCP/IP model is more widely used in practice, while the OSI model is more of a theoretical framework.

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