str vs bytes in Python

strings vs. bytes, what’s the diff?

Strings and bytes are both fundamental types in Python. At a surface level they also appear do be very similar objects. From the similar notation, to the functions they offer, to their use cases like writing to a file, bytes and strings appear to do nearly the same thing. And yet, Python enforces a strict separation between them, making them unable to mix and requiring explicit conversions using str.encode() or bytes.decode() in order to translate between them. So what makes them different at all? In this video we’ll find out how str and bytes differ and talk about encodings, like utf-8, which are the missing link between them.

― mCoding with James Murphy (https://mcoding.io)

Source code: https://github.com/mCodingLLC/VideosSampleCode
bytes docs: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes
Official unicode site: https://home.unicode.org/
UTF-8 wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
PEP 686: https://peps.python.org/pep-0686/

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CHAPTERS
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0:00 Intro
0:20 str and bytes syntax
0:50 str and bytes functions
1:29 they don’t mix
2:17 amazing sponsor
2:40 smiley
3:33 the meaning of bytes
4:53 encodings
6:07 dangers of not specifying encoding
7:21 warn default encoding
7:35 utf-8 mode
8:06 Outro and thanks