遇见南京｜南京明城墙防御系统【福建大乔】

南京明城墙包括明朝京师应天府（南京）的宫城、皇城、京城和外郭城四重城墙，今多指保存完好的京城城墙，是世界最长、规模最大、保存原真性最好的古代城垣。南京明城墙始建于元朝至正廿六年（1366年），完工于明朝洪武廿六年（1393年），历时达28年，动用全国1部、3卫、5省、37府、162州县，共28万民工，约3.5亿块城砖，终完成四重城垣的格局。
南京明城墙的营造一改以往取方形或矩形的旧制，在六朝建康城和南唐金陵城的基础上，依山脉、水系的走向筑城。得山川之利，空江湖之势。南以外秦淮河为天然护城河、东有钟山为依、北有后湖为屏、西纳石城入内，形成独具防御特色的立体军事要塞。其中京城城墙长达35.3千米，现仍完整保存25.1千米，是中国规模最大的城墙，也是世界第一大城垣，并入选世界纪录协会世界第一大城墙，而京城外的外郭城墙更是超过60千米，围合面积逾230平方千米，为世界历史之最。
The Nanjing Ming City Wall includes the four-fold city wall of the palace city, imperial city, capital city and outer city of Yingtianfu (Nanjing), the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Today, it mostly refers to the well-preserved capital city wall. It is the longest, largest, and best preserved in the world. Ancient city walls. The Ming City Wall in Nanjing was first built in the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1366), and was completed in the 26th year of Hongwu (1393) of the Ming Dynasty. In prefectures and counties, a total of 280,000 migrant workers and about 350 million city bricks finally completed the pattern of the four-fold city wall.
The construction of Nanjing Ming city wall changed the old square or rectangular system, and built the city according to the direction of mountains and rivers on the basis of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties and Jinling City in Southern Tang Dynasty. Get the benefits of mountains and rivers, and empty the power of rivers and lakes. The Qinhuai River outside the south is the natural moat, the Zhongshan Mountain is the backing to the east, the Houhu Lake is the screen to the north, and the Sina Stone City enters, forming a three-dimensional military fortress with unique defensive characteristics. Among them, the capital city wall is 35.3 kilometers long, and 25.1 kilometers are still intact. It is the largest city wall in China and the largest city wall in the world. More than 60 kilometers, the enclosed area is more than 230 square kilometers, which is the largest in the history of the world.