(N18) Networking Basics part7 IP Address,Subnet Mask, Classes, Network & Host Portion, IPv4 and IPv6

20230211 125123
IP Address -IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
2^32 = 4.3 billion 2^128 = 3.4 billion billion billion
= 4,294,967,296 = 3.4 x 10^38
Decimal format Hexadecimal format
Ex. 192.168.10.23 2001:AA11:BB22:CC33:44DD:5EEE:6F2F:7AC4
Divided into 4 parts
Separated by dot(.)
Each part 32/4 = 8 bit – Octet
4 octets separated by dot(.)
Octet – 2^8 = 256 = 0-255
1st octet. 2nd octet. 3rd octet. 4th octet
W . X . Y . Z
0-255.0-255.0-255.0-255
10.300.56.234 –XX
10.30.56.235
IPv4 Address range 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255
0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0 0.0.255.255 0.255.255.255
0.0.0.1 0.0.1.1 0.1.0.0 1.0.0.0
0.0.0.2 .. 0.1.0.1 1.0.0.1
.. 0.0.1.255 .. ..
0.0.0.254 0.0.2.0 0.1.255.255 1.255.255.255
0.0.0.255 0.0.2.1 0.2.0.0 2.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
The total range of IP Addresses divided into 5 Classes
To recognize which class of the ip address it is “based on 1st octet(W) of ip address”
CLASS A:0-127(1-126)
CLASS B:128-191
CLASS C:192-223
CLASS D:224-239 – Multicast
CLASS E:240-255 – R & D , reserved
*Class A, Class B, Class C – unicast address
We can’t assign ip address to our devices
0.0.0.0 – reserved – used by protocols like dhcp, default routing
0.x.x.x – no
127.0.0.1 – reserved – localhost/loopback id/ip – self testing , same device access
127.x.x.x – no
*Multicast – used by some protocols and service , wds, bootp, eigrp, ripv2, ospf
—
134.89.201.191 – Class B
56.178.191.2 – Class A
156.7.2.10 – Class B
195.123.127.1 – class C
210.20.2.10 – class C
224.0.0.9 – class D
–

RollNo
1801 – 18 represent batch , 01 – roll no – person
1802
1803
1805
1809
1812
1711 – batch 17 , not belongs to batch 18
—-
IP Address divided into Network Portion and Host Portion
Devices are in same network , can communicate each other, means their network portion is same
Network portion must be same and host portion is different
CLASS A:0-127(1-126):N.H.H.H:255.0.0.0
CLASS B:128-191 :N.N.H.H:255.255.0.0
CLASS C:192-223 :N.N.N.H:255.255.255.0

134.89.201.191 – Class B 134.89 N, 201.191 – H
56.178.191.2 – Class A 56 – N, 178.191.2 – H
156.7.2.10 – Class B 156.7 – N, 2.10 – H
195.123.127.1 – class C 195.123.127 – N, 1 – H
210.20.2.10 – class C 210.20.2 – N, 10 -H

PC1: 134.89.201.191 134.89 N, 201.191 – H
PC2: 134.89.11.91 134.89 N, 11.91 – H
PC3: 124.89.201.11 – 124.89 N, 201.11 – H
PC4: 134.88.201.12 – 134.88 N, 201.12 – H
PC1 and PC2 can communicate each other
PC1 & PC2 can’t communicate to PC3 & PC4
–
System divide ip address into network portion and host portion using Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask divide ip address into Network portion and host portion
Subnet mask used to get Network id
Devices in network must be have same Network ID
Default Subnet Mask
Class A:0-127 :255.0.0.0
Class B:128-191 :255.255.0.0
Class C:192-223 :255.255.255.0
Subnet mask used AND Gate Operation to find Network ID , Network portion
Change of Subnet mask , changes network and host portions .